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February, 2010:

Sol 12: Nightrider part 1

Hab Sweet Hab (in the sun)

Hab Sweet Hab (in the sun)

I spent half of today up on Radio Ridge assisting with Brian’s seismic survey. He’d gone out yesterday with Luis and Darrel to start the survey, but they’d had their EVA truncated when the Panasonic Toughbook they were using fell off the ATV and yanked the Ethernet port entirely out of the PCMCIA card, rendering it inoperable. Worse, when they returned to the Hab, we discovered that none of the data they had collected had been saved to the hard drive! Brian handled this disappointment stoically, however, and planned a second attack for today. In yet another feat of gosh-wow on-the-fly problem solving, Darrel was able to solder the connections back together (!) and fix the PCMCIA card (I had been certain it was toast!). But then, to make things even easier, he donated his own laptop for use on the survey today. We took both laptops, just in case.

Brian knew from his EVA yesterday that this process would take some time, so he was itching to get going early. We all were. I’d volunteered to join the EVA out of curiosity (I’ve never studied any geophysics or seen seismic work in action) but also because Brian clearly needed some helpers. Luis and Darrel were worn out from yesterday, but Luis agreed to come along as well today—and ended up doing the lion’s share of the physical work in the expedition. But I’m getting ahead of myself. Although we were hoping for an early start, somehow it just took a long time to get everything together, strap all the equipment onto the ATVs, and get suited up. We didn’t enter the airlock until 12:30 p.m., and then Brian realized that in our rush he’d missed his helmet bungee cord… so we waited to re-pressurize, he got his helmet fixed, and then after a 5-minute wait we were finally stepping out into the noon sunshine. It struck us immediately, right in the face (our helmets don’t have visors).

Setting off on EVA 18

Setting off on EVA 18

We saddled up, me taking Opportunity for the first time (I’ve always ridden Spirit previously). Opportunity is supposed to be the easiest to drive, because it’s the only one with a thumb-button gearshift (the others have foot-pedal clutches). But having gotten used to Spirit, it took me a while to get the hang of thumb-shifting. We took off across the desert, and my second lesson of the day struck. My previous ATV EVAs almost exclusively stayed on Lowell Highway. This time we were on a side trail—narrow, twisty, bumpy, and an entirely different riding experience! There were a few times that I thought to myself, “This is a ROAD?!” but there they were, twin tracks in front of me, leading the way. So I came up to a half-crouch and rocked with Opportunity, absorbing the jolts and bumps, standing up on the up-hill sections to lean forward and aid in the climb. It was more lively than the road drives—and I must say, a lot of fun! It’s funny how the ATV feels much more than a machine beneath you—more powerful, more animal, more alive.

Brian and Luis atop Radio Ridge

Brian and Luis atop Radio Ridge

We came up onto Radio Ridge, and I gasped with delight and awe—the valleys and hills fell away from us to the right, in colored bands and dappled with sparkling, shining snow. I hadn’t seen the sun out in its full glory in days. It was shining and sparking off every rock and bush. Mid-ridge Planitia spread out before us to the west, all the way to Skyline Ridge in the distance (now THAT looks like fascinating geology). We headed south to the seismic survey site, and I was bouncing and revving along in utter delight. There was a drop-off to our left that plunged back down to where the Hab is situated, and we stopped several times along the way to snap pictures of the awesome panoramic view. Since I had the camera, Brian urged me to say the word if I wanted another picture stop. “Only if you think we have time,” I said, since our main goal was to collect the seismic data, and we were late off the mark. “We probably won’t want to do it on the way back,” he said, and boy, would he be proven right.

We reached the site and Brian hooked up the laptop to the land streamer (12 geophones strung on a 55-foot cable). That’s when it really hit home to me how much work yesterday’s crew had done. Although they hadn’t gotten any data, they’d done all the surveying and marked out a 300-foot line in 30-foot increments, enabling us to just walk to the appropriate point without having to check GPS coordinates or mark anything ourselves. (The distances are in feet, by the way, because the geophones are spaced at 5-foot intervals.) We could get straight to work.

Still, it took us a while to fall into a rhythm. The way this survey works is that you lay out the land streamer, pressing each of the geophones into the ground, and then position a heavy metal plate at key points; you then swing a heavy sledgehammer and smack the plate repeatedly (each such blow is a “shot”). The laptop records the response from each geophone for each shot, and after collecting data from six shot locations, you then connect the land streamer to an ATV and drag it 55 feet further along the line you wish to survey. We did this six times. Luis turned in a heroic effort with the sledgehammer, doing almost all of the more than 120 shots himself.

We also saw mountain lion tracks!

(Stay tuned for part two… WordPress won’t let me put it all in one post!)

Sol 11: Seismic Shenanigans

After abdicating some tantalizing EVAs for the past three days on account of my not feeling well, I was looking forward to getting outside today and finally starting my seismic research project. I had originally planned to do the first seismic EVA yesterday, but I just wasn’t ready, so Kiri led the geology section EVA yesterday instead.

Darrel, Luis, and Brian in the airlock

Darrel, Luis, and Brian in the airlock

My morning was occupied with preparations for the seismic experiment. This included finalizing the survey coordinates and entering waypoints into the GPS, printing and laminating a survey plan, and fashioning several survey flags out of wire clothes hangers and flagging tape. I also strapped the big, heavy pelican cases containing the seismic equipment to the back rack of the Viking I and Spirit rovers. I affixed the sledgehammer, strikeplate, and two bright red buckets to the third rover Opportunity. At 11:30 am, I briefed Luís and Darrel on the EVA plan. It clicked with Darrel right away, but Luís looked a little confused. We ate a quick lunch of leftovers from previous meals and were in the airlock at 1:07 pm.

Our difficulties began almost immediately upon our egress from the Hab. Luís and I hopped on the Viking I and Spirit rovers only to discover that our EVA suit backpacks stuck out too far for us to comfortably ride the vehicle with the boxes behind us. Luís decided he could manage since the box on his rover was positioned farther back than the one on my rover. We had to move the box from the back rack to the front rack on my rover, and this ate valuable time.

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roving along

Twenty minutes later we finally rumbled off north from the Hab on the now familiar trail leading towards Olympus Mons. I led the caravan. With each dip and bump in the terrain, the box we had strapped to the front of my rover bounced. I had to keep a hand on it. Finally, just as we were turning west at the base of the hill crewmembers had climbed just two days ago, the bungee cords holding the box to my rover’s front rack gave way, and I barely caught it before it fell to the ground. I had to stop and put it back on the rover. Luís and Darrel helped. We moved it to the back rack where it originally was but were able to inch it back a little to give me enough room to sit down with the EVA suit.

On our ascent to the top of the ridge, we snapped a few photos and video footage. I had been here on EVA 13 just four days ago, and in that time the snow cover had thinned considerably. The dirt was even showing through in a few places. Another couple days of above freezing temperature, and the snow will be gone, replaced by the slippery muddy clay we experienced on our first two days at MDRS.

Darrel, Luís, and I enjoyed the expansive scenery of Mid Ridge Planitia as we motored south on along Radio Ridge under mostly sunny skies. I stopped at some of the same places where I’d taken geotagged photos on EVA 13 so Kiri could have overlapping shots for her auto-geolocation study. We arrived at the target location around 2:15 pm, a little over an hour after embarking on the EVA.

panorama overlooking Radio Ridge

panorama overlooking Radio Ridge

I should back up and explain why I wanted to do the study in this location. Nominally, the main goal of the experiment is to test the feasibility of collecting a 2D seismic profile using a towed land streamer (more on what those terms mean later). However, if the exercise can be carried out somewhere with interesting geology, that’s icing on the cake. As luck would have it, MDRS Crew 83 led by Carol Stoker of NASA Ames collected ground penetrating radar (GPR) data earlier this field season data and discovered a buried feature where the Kissing Camel Range (aka: “Dragon’s Head”) intersects Radio Ridge. The interpretation is that Kissing Camel Range is an inverted channel that is covered by the Cretaceous sediments comprising Radio Ridge. An inverted channel is former streambed that filled with resistive material. Over time, erosion removed the surrounding surface leaving the former stream behind as positive relief (hence the “invereted” moniker). Inverted channels have been spotted in multiple locations on Mars, and one at Miyamoto Crater has been identified as a potential landing site for the Mars Science Laboratory.

Darrel and Luis discuss the survey strategy

Darrel and Luis discuss the survey strategy

Our first task was to survey the line for the experiment. Ideally, we’d have a theodolite or total station to make this work easier, but being resourceful Mars pioneers, we had to make do with the materials at hand. In this case, that meant a 50 meter tape measure, some homemade survey flags, a handheld GPS unit, and a compass. First, I walked the nominal 165 meter (540 ft) line I had planned for the profile and marked each end with a bright red bucket. Then, Darrel and Luís stretched out the measuring tape while I started unloading and hooking up the equipment. We had to adjust the the line a few times before I was satisfied it was straight. Luís put the survey flags at all of the planned shot points and spread endpoints, and Darrel marked GPS waypoints.

land streamer and astronaut shadows

land streamer and astronaut shadows

Now we were ready to start the seismic survey. We pulled the land streamer out of its box and hooked it to the back of the Viking I rover. I drove the rover forward to extend the streamer. A land streamer is just a big cable with geophones attached to it that makes for relatively quick movement of geophone arrays. A geophone is the simplest form of seismometer. It converts ground movement into voltage that is collected in a seismograph, which is a rugged field computer for collecting seismic data. In our case, we have a string of twelve geophones spaced five feet apart. Since I’d spent the better part of three days playing with the geophones and seismograph back at MDRS, hooking it all up in the field wasn’t a problem. However, there was one big issue.

Brian with the dreaded laptop

Brian with the dreaded laptop

The Geometrics Geode seismograph we have requires a computer to control it. If anyone has ever tried using a laptop outdoors, you know it’s difficult to see the screen in the sun. Now try that wearing a spacesuit helmet and using an old Panasonic Toughbook that is at least 10 years old (meaning its screen is quite primitive by today’s standards). All of these factors conspire to make seeing the one means of controlling the system nearly impossible. It took a while, but I was finally able to boot the computer and load the necessary software.

Luis swings the hammer.

Luis swings the hammer.

We were finally ready to take our first shot. For those uninitiated in seismic exploration lingo, a “shot” refers to the source of seismic energy. It’s often an explosive source for large scale surveys, but for us a simple sledgehammer striking a metal plate will do. Darrel, Luís, and I took a few turns practicing our hammer swings before starting the data collection. Since radio interference could potentially corrupt the data collection, we turned off our radios and worked out a few hand signals to communicate. I squinted at the nearly black Toughbook screen while Luís took the first swing. The computer beep told me it successfully took a record of data, and Luís swung twice more so we could stack the data to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Then, he picked up the plate and dropped it at the next flag. We repeated this for all six shot locations for the first spread location.

Then it was time to move the geophones 60 feet down the line and take more data. I drove the rover along while Darrel made sure the land streamer didn’t get tangled. I was impressed with how well the system performed and can appreciate why land streamers are very popular these days for enabling quicker more affordable seismic surveys. I had asked Darrel to tell via radio when I needed to stop, but I didn’t hear him. I overshot the mark and dragged the geophones too far. So, Luís and Darrel pulled on the land streamer while I backed up. This would have been fine except that I had drive over a big rock.

Going downhill over the rock meant the rover was tipped backwards pretty steeply. I had only loosely closed the box on the back of the ATV holding the equipment. When the rover pitched, the laptop slid out. In the process, it yanked the ethernet cable jack out of the PCMCIA card. Thankfully, the laptop itself escaped being run over by the vehicle, but the PCMCIA card didn’t fare so well. I shoved the ethernet jack back in hoping it would work, but it did not. The laptop started beeping, and it all three of us squinting at the black screen to get the computer rebooted.

to the Hab

to the Hab

It was clear that we couldn’t collect any more data with the computer until we fixed it, so we packed up and drove back. Luís led the way and took some amazing video footage along the way. When we returned, we were tired and hungry from the 4 hour, 19 minute EVA (our crew’s longest yet). Thankfully, today was a cooking day, and Carla and Kiri did not disappoint. They made baked tofu “cashew-dine” and vegetable couscous with apricot cinnamon biscuits and coconut brownies.

After a couple of hours wearing a headlamp and soldering tiny wires, Darrel was able to fix the Toughbook’s PCMCIA card. Kiri and I tried recovering the data from the laptop and to our horror found that it wasn’t there. According to the log files, the six shots we took today should have been recorded, but the data has vanished. Perhaps it’s related to the hard reboot we had to do in the field. Life on Mars is never easy. We’ll go back out tomorrow and start over. This time we’ll try putting the laptop in a cardboard box to reduce glare.

You can view the full EVA 17 information, including a map.

I’d like to thank Exploration Instruments, LLC for their generous loan of the seismic equipment for this study. Some day, astronauts on another world will need to conduct geophysical exploration of the shallow subsurface, and the work we’re doing helps identify how to modify terrestrial methods for extraterrestrial application.

Mars Dessert Research Station

Living far away from friends and family on another planet, isolated from all the comforts of home, dealing with easily handled problems on Earth in a Martian environment can all be frustrating and draining on one’s energy level.

One of the ways to uplift spirits, besides a good game of Guesstures, is cooking or baking treats that remind us of home. When we arrived at our desolate location, we expected to have such staples as flour and sugar, but unfortunately were left with almost nothing in the pantry to prepare meals and desserts with. It has been my challenge this mission to put meals together out of what seems like just the Martian dirt and rocks.

Back home, I particularly enjoy baking cookies and cakes. What to do here without much flour or sugar… what to do… My first attempts were to use Bisquick and different powders, such as cheddar powder, to make biscuits like cheddar garlic or tomato and herb. Mike’s 21st birthday was on the first Monday we were here, and I made a chocolate cake using egg white powder, vinegar, some sugar, and very little flour. As you’ve read in previous blogs, it was a “flaming” success.

Mike's Famous 21st Flaming Birthday Cake

Mike's Famous 21st Flaming Birthday Cake

Each day I look in the pantry hoping for more ingredients to magically appear. I want my crew to be happy. A few days ago, I found an unopend can of pumpkin pie puree (hiding behind some nasty science experiment in the refridgerator) and whipped up a cake, throwing in some raisins and a box of graham flour that I found behind all the spices in our cabinet. Edible, and boy did the cinnamon pumpkin spices make the Hab smell almost like Thanksgiving time at home. Such a nice change from the smell of stinky toilet water that repulsed us the first day, but we’ve gradually become accustomed to.

Oatmeal Craisin Cookies

Oatmeal Craisin Cookies

Monday was my toughest challenge. How to make oatmeal cookies without butter or applesauce, with only 1/3 cup sugar and ½ cup flour. I decided to rehydrate some chopped up pears and do a makeshift “applesauce” to help pull the batter into a recognizable form. And, after a few hours of baking in this very tiny, easy-bake oven, we had edible oatmeal craisin cookies.

Pantry cleanup for the next crew

Pantry cleanup for the next crew

Today, I took on the daunting task of cleaning out and organizing our pantry and spice shelves in the kitchen, and also the attic catch-all for our larger pantry type items.
Pantry cleanup in the loft

Pantry cleanup in the loft

Crouching low under the loft ceiling, I rearranged boxes and labeled them as Kiri took note of the inventory. We hope this will help the next crew, and it certainly looks a lot cleaner! Although this was a dirty task, I was rewarded with a large treasure….. a can of condensed milk! What a find! After the sorting and cleaning was done, I whipped up Fudgy Mocha Brownies with the highly valuable condensed milk and some coconut thrown on top. I hope the team likes it, as it will be tonight’s dessert.
Mike and Kiri lick the bowl clean

Mike and Kiri lick the bowl clean

Fudgy Mocha Brownies in our Easy-Bake Oven

Fudgy Mocha Brownies in our Easy-Bake Oven

I have definitely earned a degree in the art of Martian cooking on this mission, substituting egg white powder, Ghee butter, rehydrated fruits, and just having to be creative in general on the ingredients at hand. I’m just happy that I can produce something that puts a smile on my crew members’ faces after a long day of engineering checks, spacewalks, and endless cleaning of the Hab of Martian dirt.

Sol 10: Stratigraphy and Clue

Today during our morning planning meeting, we discussed what our remaining goals for the mission would be. Our first week was a constant barrage of learning new procedures (for science investigations adapted to this environment; for keeping ourselves fed, watered, and clean; and for keeping the Hab functioning). Now that we’ve found our legs in those regards, our attention has opened out to thinking more broadly about what we want to accomplish. And now there are just four days left of our mission!

Brian has spent hours learning how his land streamer of seismic geophones works, so that he can deploy it to collect a seismic refraction profile of an intriguing inverted channel. Darrel has struggled to find time to work on his radio-controlled plane, which has a camera and could potentially be used for scouting good locations for on-foot investigations. Luis wants to culture and analyze the biological samples he’s already collected. Carla wants to compile the results of her Mars Dessert Research Station efforts. 😉 I’ve been itching to get out and do some real geology, not just the tourist-geology I’ve accomplished so far (point and gasp and take pictures!). Of us all, Mike may be in the best position, having raised the radio telescope from 10 feet to 20 feet high early in the mission; he’s been happily collecting data ever since.

After much discussion about what our remaining EVAs might focus on, Brian determined that his land streamer deployment likely would require a seriously long (like all day) EVA—or even two such EVAs. He also needed some more time to plan just where and how he would deploy it. So we decided that I would use today to do a two-ish-hour EVA with a geology goal, and Brian will aim to do a seismic EVA tomorrow.

I jumped on the chance immediately. I wanted to find an outcrop and practice measuring a stratigraphic column in Mars-like field conditions (e.g., suit, gloves, helmet, etc.). From our crew’s previous EVA 8 to Candor Chasma, it seemed a likely place to find nice exposed layers. That crew had walked out to the Chasma, but we instead planned to drive up Lowell Highway to Cactus Road, aiming for the “Candor Chasma Access Parking” area, to shorten the trip.

Kiri and Mike contemplate the road ahead

Kiri and Mike contemplate the road ahead

So after lunch, Carla, Mike and I suited up. We exited the airlock at 1:45 p.m. and roared out on our three ATVs onto the “highway”, a moist concoction of snow and mud, but still quite drivable. As commander for the EVA, I led the group, with a mirror strapped to my left forearm so I could glance back and check on Carla and Mike without turning around (which is very difficult in the suits, and would be very unsafe if done while driving). I checked my GPS unit every so often so that I would know when the intersection with Cactus Road was at hand. I’d pre-loaded the GPS not only with our final destination but also with some waypoints compiled into a “route” (my first exercise of this GPS capability). Everything went fine at first—but then we overshot Cactus Road. We turned around and headed back slowly. I could see the waypoint blinking at me on the GPS screen, but we just could not find a road or track of any sort heading east of Lowell, due to thin but obscuring snow cover. After some dithering and scouting expeditions on foot, we gave up on that goal. Instead, I decided that we would head north on Lowell until we found an interesting outcrop and just map that.

Carla and Kiri traversing the Lowell North Sedimentary Outcrop

Carla and Kiri traversing the Lowell North Sedimentary Outcrop

As we went north, I was anxious—as commander of the EVA, it was my responsibility to make good use of our time, and I was thrown off by the failure to find Cactus Road. Would we even see anything interesting to the north? I’d been up there before on EVA 5 and only had a dim impression of lots and lots of soft, squishy, muddy Morrison Formation. I wanted solid rock with interesting structure to map.

Kiri delights in the outcrop

Kiri delights in the outcrop

EVA16_pano3 And then we lucked out! We spotted a low hill topped with some Dakota sandstone to the east of the road. (More accessible than the top of Olympus Mons, too!) We parked the ATVs and headed over on foot. And yes! It was fantastic! (Back at the Hab, we would learn that this site has a name: Lowell North Sedimentary Outcrop. So someone else thought it was worth study, too.)
Mike doing his Star Wars sandpeople impersonation

Mike doing his Star Wars sandpeople impersonation

We clambered up to the Dakota layer, and I walked Carla and Mike through the process of identifying layers and noting them down on paper. It definitely was good to have multiple people there. I couldn’t see my own suit well enough even to get the pencil out of my shoulder strap holder. We didn’t have a Jacob staff or Brunton compass, so we made do with a T-square we’d found in the EVA room, which had been augmented with a plumb bob to aid in standing it straight up.
Carla and Kiri sense a disturbance in the force

Carla and Kiri sense a disturbance in the force

We measured 13 distinct layers over 146.5 inches (the entire exposed section) and Carla and Mike took copious pictures to augment my hasty sketches. (Pencil, by the way, is highly superior to ballpoint pen in 36 F weather.) The layers were a combination of fine horizontally bedded sandstone, medium sand layers inclined about 30 degrees, and conglomerate layers with gravel and pebbles. Some of the latter seemed to have some inverse grading (finer grains at the bottom, coarser grains near the top), which can be created by debris (mud) flows, as opposed to deposition from water or air.

Kiri and the rock hammer

Kiri and the rock hammer

We spent a good chunk of time at the outcrop, then toured around it, also noting an impressive cave that sat below our level, under a treacherous overhang composed of the same crumbly/poorly consolidated rocks. We kept our distance from the edge despite its undeniable allure. I found a chunk of gypsum buried in some sand, and we collect a couple of other small samples to bring back to the Hab.

You can view the full EVA 16 information, including a map.

Olympus Mons from the northeast

Olympus Mons from the northeast

We returned at 4:07 p.m. Now I’m sitting at the work bench, writing reports, and savoring having done some field geology, here at MDRS! I plan to make up a proper section (to scale, with composition, grading, and layering noted) soon… when I can find time. Whee!

We’re planning to play MDRS Clue tonight. Darrel turns out to have some truly impressive artistic skills, and he became enamored of the idea of an MDRS-themed Clue game. So he put together a full game board, with MDRS locations instead of the traditional Clue ones; a set of character cards, based on the six of us and our roles; and a set of weapon cards (hydrochloric acid, horribly polluted GreenHab water, oxygen tank, wrench, rock hammer, and a cool lookin’ rock). The end result is really cool! We’ll leave it here for future crews to enjoy. (See the board below. He drew all the locations from photos of the actual areas and they are very realistic!)

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And with that, goodnight!

Sol 9: No Road

With only a half-dozen EVAs under my belt, and going no further north than Olympus Mons in any of them, I was eager to get on either the biology or geology/geophysics teams for one of their extended EVAs. As crew astronomer, my contributions to the Hab are basically done: the radio telescope alterations have been completed, meaning that all I really need to do is sit next to the Radio Shack speaker while recording the signals on my computer. Not the most exciting use of the rest of my time on Mars, but I’m enjoying it (especially since I’m also learning Unix commands, which helps to pass the time). I’ve picked up some interesting noise during my recordings, but for the most part they are of terrestrial origins, particularly our radio squawks during our few completed EVAs since the finalization of the radio telescope alterations.

Almost needless to say, I’ve been itching to get out and actually see the terrain surrounding the Hab. I’ve been up to the Mid-Ridge Planitia back on EVA 6, and yesterday I scaled Olympus Mons as part of EVA 14, but other than those my EVAs have been confined to the immediate Hab vicinity. So I jumped on the opportunity when Luís announced his plans to travel a few kilometers north to the area surrounding Lithe Canyon.

I dressed and readied, eager to get back on the ATVs other than warming them up in the morning. The wind rushing under my helmet, the roar of the engine, the smooth gearshifts of Opportunity, everything just melded together in a sensory overload. The views were astounding, with cliffs and gullies and hills and rock formations streaming by as our twin exploratory rovers traversed the snow and mud-covered surface. We finally arrived at our destination after a few wrong turns, dismounted the pair of rovers, and trekked into the canyon.

While I’m no geologist or biologist, even I could appreciate both the view of the rocks and the potential for diverse lifeforms within those rocks. I took a ton of pictures while Luís scouted the area for the best sampling site, always keeping an eye over my shoulder to check that we were still in visual range. While we couldn’t make it all the way to the canyon floor, since we would have no sure-fire way to scamper back out, but we did stumble across a face that had great geologic and biologic potential. This was also where Luís took out his patented EVA Bio Box to collect a handful of samples, and where I snapped quite a few photos in hopes that they’d be interpretable by Kiri upon returning to the Hab. Of course, I’d like to show my friends those pictures as well, since the scenery was quite stunning, so they eventually found their way onto my computer, but without the help of a cp…

With the sun sneaking out from behind the clouds during the sample collection process, our return journey was much slicker and dirtier than our path out. I took the lead, as Luís had encountered some radio problems, so that we could better keep track of each other’s locations for the drive back. We came down Lowell Highway, passing by Ascraeus, Pavonis, Arsia, and Olympus Montes from the north, and came into view (and radio contact) of the Hab. We parked, re-entered the Hab, and were greeted with boiling water and tea packets. A fitting end to a three-hour EVA.

View the EVA summary, map, elevation, and heartrate plots